Nepal has seen many rulers and ruling dynasties. The earliest rulers were the Kirantis, who ruled from 9th century B.C. to first century A.D. Legends. The chronicles mention that the Indian Emperor Ashoka had come to Nepal and visited Lumbini, the place where the Buddha was born and where he erected a huge stone pillar to commemorate his visit to that spot.
Later on, Licchavis had replaced the Kirantis, who, according to the earliest evidences in inscriptions of the 5th century A.D. found in the courtyard of Changunarayan temple which is about 15 km north east of Kathmandu, ruled this country from 1st century to 9th century A.D. This period is noted for the many temples and fine sculptures built around the Kathmandu valley.
Subsequently, the Thakuris had replaced the Licchavis and afterward, the Mall dynasty had conquered the Lichhivis and they had ruled out focusing mainly on the Kathmandu valley, which has been the residence for most Nepali rulers from time immemorial.
And next, Shah Dynasty had ruled in the country, as Prithvi Narayan Shah, the King of Gorkha, who annexed small principalities including three states in the Kathmandy valley [Kathmandu, Patan and Bhaktapur] and unified Nepal in a single kingdom, conquering over the Mall Dynasty.
Geographically, Nepal has great physical diversity. It is land linked country. It is situated between two Asian giants-- China in the north and India in the south, east and west, therefore, Nepal has often been characterized as 'a yam between two rocks' or sandwich between two giant countries. It is well-known for its majestic Himalayas. It comprises a total of 147,181 square kilometers of land and lies between the latitude of 26’ 22’ and 30’ 27’ north and the longitude of 80’ 4’ and 88’ 12’ east. Geographically, Nepal is divided into three regions: 1. Himalayan Region (mountain region): The Himalayan region covers about 15 percent of total land area of Nepal....
Nepal is so rich in culture and customs, as it is a multi-culture, multi-religious, multi-lingual and multi-ethnic country. The diversity is unique features of Nepal. The diverse geography, ranging from Himalayas in the north to the southern Terai [plain land] region renders it home to a wide range of culture. The customs and traditions differ from one place to another. Kathmandu valley is the melting pot of diverse cultures and customs, therefore, the valley is also considered to be a cultural metropolis of the country. The Valley comprises of three cities namely Lalitpur, Kathmandu and Bhaktapur. A prominent factor in a Nepali's everyday life is religion...
The population of Nepal is 26 million; the population comprises over 100 different races and castes, each with a distinctive lifestyle and cultural flavor speaking over 90 different language and dialects. The Sherpa communities live mainly in the mountain region, more in the Solu Khumbu (Everest) region. They are best known ethnic group in tourism, as they have strength to live in high altitude since they are born and grown up. They follow the Buddhism. Whereas Brahmins and Chhetris who are considered to be the elite group in Nepal as they are forward in education, government administration and policy making level. They are spread generally all over......